About | High Court at Calcutta (HCC) , WEST BENGAL Check here latest notification

The High Court at Calcutta, established in 1862, is one of the oldest and most prestigious high courts in India. Located in the heart of Kolkata, it serves as the principal seat of justice for the state of West Bengal and the Union Territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This blog explores the historical significance, structure, functions, and recent developments related to the High Court at Calcutta.

Historical Background

The Calcutta High Court was the first high court established in India during the British Raj, set up under the High Courts Act of 1861. Its majestic building, designed by architect Walter Granville, is an architectural marvel and stands as a testament to the colonial history of the city. The court has played a vital role in shaping legal precedents and upholding the rule of law in the region.

Structure of the High Court

The Calcutta High Court consists of the Chief Justice and several other judges appointed by the President of India. The judges are selected based on their legal acumen and experience. The court is divided into various benches, including the Appellate Division and the Original Side, handling civil, criminal, and constitutional matters.

Functions and Jurisdiction

The primary functions of the High Court at Calcutta include:

1. Judicial Review : The court has the power to review legislation and executive actions to ensure they comply with the Constitution of India.
2. Appellate Jurisdiction : The High Court hears appeals from lower courts, ensuring that justice is served in civil and criminal matters.
3. Original Jurisdiction : It also deals with cases directly filed in the High Court, particularly in matters concerning the enforcement of fundamental rights and constitutional issues.
4. Supervisory Role : The High Court supervises all subordinate courts in its jurisdiction, maintaining judicial discipline and ensuring fair trials.

Significant Contributions

Over the years, the High Court at Calcutta has delivered landmark judgments that have had a profound impact on the legal landscape of India. Its decisions have often set precedents for other high courts and the Supreme Court. The court has also been proactive in addressing social issues, upholding the rights of marginalized communities and promoting public interest litigation.

Recent Developments

In recent years, the High Court has embraced technology to enhance access to justice. Initiatives such as e-filing and virtual hearings, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, have made the legal process more efficient. The court continues to adapt to changing times, ensuring that justice is accessible to all.